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河南省洛阳市《食品卫生法(试行)》实施细则

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河南省洛阳市《食品卫生法(试行)》实施细则

河南省人大常委会


河南省洛阳市《食品卫生法(试行)》实施细则
河南省人大常委会


(1986年4月10日洛阳市第八届人民代表大会常务委员会第十三次会议原则通过 1986年8月27日河南省第六届人民代表大会常务委员会第二十二次会议批准 1986年9月9日洛阳市人民代表大会常务委员会公布试行)

目 录

第一章 总 则
第二章 食品的卫生
第三章 食品容器、包装材料和食品用工具、设备的卫生
第四章 食品的索证
第五章 卫生许可证
第六章 产品说明书、商品标志与广告
第七章 食品卫生管理
第八章 集贸市场和食品商贩的卫生管理
第九章 食品卫生监督
第十章 法律责任
第十一章 附 则

第一章 总 则
第一条 根据《中华人民共和国食品卫生法(试行)》和《河南省<食品卫生法(试行)>实施办法》,结合我市实际情况,特制定本实施细则。
第二条 市、县(区)人民政府负责实施国家的食品卫生监督制度,并主持解决监督工作中的重大问题。食品卫生监督机构行使食品卫生监督权。
第三条 凡在本市从事食品生产经营的,都必须遵守《食品卫生法(试行)》、省实施办法和本实施细则,并要自觉接受人民群众的监督。对违反食品卫生法规的行为,任何人都有权检举和控告。

第二章 食品的卫生
第四条 食品应当无毒、无害,符合应有的营养要求,具有相应的色、香、味、形等感官性状。
第五条 专供婴幼儿的主、辅食品,必须符合国务院和省卫生行政部门制订的与其相应的营养、卫生标准。
第六条 食品生产经营过程必须符合下列卫生要求:
(一)必须符合《食品卫生法(试行)》第六条的卫生要求;
(二)公用餐具必须采用蒸气或煮沸消毒。消毒应有专人负责和专用设备,所需经费应列入生产资金;
(三)在无冷藏条件下经营熟肉及其制品时,夏季超过六小时,冬季超过十二小时的,经充分加热后方可销售;
(四)凡制作冷荤凉拌菜的经营单位,必须具有专人、专间、专用工具、容器;
(五)生产加工食品用的工具、容器必须认真清洗消毒,设备应保持清洁。管道流程应尽量减少弯曲,便于清洗消毒。接触食品的涂料必须无毒无害,符合卫生要求。机具用的润滑剂不得污染食品;
(六)经营食用化工品应与其他有毒化工品分开,或设立专柜;
(七)严禁利用废旧书报、废旧塑料及其制品包装食品;
(八)运输食品必须有专用车辆,使用前必须冲洗、消毒。食品要有防蝇防尘设备,严禁同车装运其他物品。
第七条 禁止生产经营下列食品:
(一)《食品卫生法(试行)》第七条禁止生产经营的食品;
(二)用有害物质催生的豆芽;
(三)死甲鱼、鳝鱼、蟹及毒死的动物;
(四)用铵法生产的酱色制作的食品;
(五)未经消毒或掺水、碱、淀粉、化肥等的鲜奶;
(六)没有检验证明的畜、禽、兽及其制品;
(七)使用非食用化工产品和滥用食品添加剂制做的烧鸡、牛肉、糖葫芦、粉条、汽水等食品;
(八)用硫磺熏的馒头;
(九)未经精炼的棉籽油;
(十)垛子肉、包子肉;
(十一)用糖精、香精、色素兑制的颜色水、假汽水及不符合卫生要求的软包装饮料;
(十二)无包装的膨化食品;
(十三)腐败变质的部分超过果体三分之一的水果和霉变甘蔗;
(十四)浸过或者拌过农药的粮食、油料;
(十五)含毒或被有毒、有害物质污染的动植物;如毒蘑菇、非经科学加工的河豚鱼等;
(十六)囊虫肉;
(十七)兑制的酱油;
(十八)吹制的糖人、搅制的棉花糖等不符合卫生要求的小杂食品。
第八条 食品不得加入药物。但具有下列情况之一的除外:
(一)按照传统,既是食品又是药物的;
(二)作为调料或食品强化剂而加入的;
(三)按照外商合同规定加入药物的出口食品;
(四)经国家和省卫生行政部门批准允许加入药物的食品;
(五)为防治某种地方病、传染病和寄生虫病,需要往食品中加入一定剂量药物的。
第九条 食品添加剂必须符合卫生质量标准。生产经营和使用食品添加剂,必须符合食品添加剂使用卫生标准和卫生管理办法的规定;不得经营、使用不合格产品和非指定工厂的产品。

第三章 食品容器、包装材料和食品用工具、设备的卫生
第十条 食品容器、包装材料和食品用工具、设备,必须符合卫生标准和卫生管理办法的规定。
第十一条 食品容器、包装材料和食品用的工具、设备的生产必须采用符合卫生要求的原料,产品应当便于清洗和消毒。
禁止使用废塑料、废包装品、酚醛树脂等有毒物质做食品工具、食品容器、包装材料和直接接触食品的生产工具或设备;用回收铝制做食品用工具、容器必须符合国家卫生标准。
第十二条 生产塑料食品用工具、容器、包装材料用的添加剂,应当符合国家卫生标准,生产包装用纸,禁止添加荧光增白剂等有害助剂。包装纸用蜡不得用工业级石蜡,包装纸的印刷、颜料应符合食品卫生要求。
第十三条 直接接触食品的纸张、塑料、橡胶等制品和涂料,应当由生产主管部门提出,经食品卫生监督机构审查同意的专厂或专车间生产,专厂或专车间内不得同时生产其他有害化学物品。

第四章 食品的索证
第十四条 食品生产经营者采购食品,应当索取检验合格证或化验单,销售者必须保证提供。凡应索证的食品而未索证的,禁止调运和销售。凡投入市场的酒类及饮料(各种水果原汁、果味露、汽水和各种固体饮料)、乳制品、罐头、畜禽肉、水产品、蛋制品、食品添加剂、调味品、
酱腌菜、食用糖、食用动植物油、有包装的豆制品和粮食等各类食品均必须索证。
第十五条 进口食品、出口转内销食品和外地食品,在投放市场前必须将食品的品名、数量及食品卫生监督机构出具的卫生检验合格证,报当地食品卫生监督机构备案,必要时进行复验。
第十六条 发现下列情况之一者,食品采购者应采取积极控制措施,并立即向辖区食品卫生监督机构报告,不得投放市场。
(一)食品在运输、包装、贮存时不符合卫生要求,有可能被污染或变质的;
(二)食品感官性状不良或发现其它异常情况的;
(三)货证不符或超过该食品的保存期限的。
第十七条 凡本市外销食品必须持有食品卫生监督机构的检验合格证,否则,不得出厂、销售,运输部门不得运输。

第五章 卫生许可证
第十八条 食品生产经营企业和食品商贩,必须先取得食品卫生监督机构发放的“卫生许可证”方可向工商行政管理部门申请登记或者变更登记。
第十九条 卫生许可证的发放管理办法:
(一)凡申请领取卫生许可证的单位和个人,要填报申请表,由主管部门或单位审查,报县(区)食品卫生监督机构审核合格后,予以发证;
(二)卫生许可证一般一年换发一次,延期使用的要加贴当年“有效”凭证。冷饮食品的卫生许可证,必须一年换发一次;
(三)食品生产经营企业和食品商贩改变或者扩大经营品种时,必须经食品卫生监督机构审查同意或者重新办理卫生许可证。
第二十条 任何单位和个人不得转让、倒卖、伪造卫生许可证,严禁无证经营。
第二十一条 发放卫生许可证的收费标准按省统一规定执行。

第六章 产品说明书、商品标志与广告
第二十二条 定型包装食品和食品添加剂,必须有产品说明书或商品标志,标出品名、产地、厂名、生产日期、批号(或者代号)、保存期限。根据不同产品分别按规定标出规格、配方或主要成份,食用或使用方法等。
第二十三条 食品、食品添加剂的产品说明书和广告,不得有夸大、虚假以及适应症、疗效等宣传内容。
第二十四条 产品说明书与广告审查办法如下:
(一)产品生产经营企业应填写申请表,经主管部门同意后,报食品卫生监督机构审查。经审查产品的卫生质量合格与所写文字、图案是相符的,发给卫生审查合格证;
(二)产品说明书的审查由县(区)食品卫生监督机构负责;
(三)广告宣传部门须凭卫生审查合格证办理广告宣传手续。
第二十五条 办理产品说明书和广告审查手续时,可以收取工本费。收费标准由市卫生行政部门会同物价部门共同制定。

第七章 食品卫生管理
第二十六条 食品生产经营企业的主管部门,负责本系统的食品卫生工作。
第二十七条 食品生产经营主管部门及企业应加强自身的食品卫生管理工作。
食品生产经营企业的主管局(处)、公司和县(区)商业局设立卫生科(股或组);食品生产企业应建立检验室;食品生产经营单位要配备相应的食品卫生管理和检验人员。
第二十八条 食品卫生管理、检验机构和食品卫生管理人员的职责是:
(一)贯彻执行食品卫生法规和有关规章制度,对所属企业生产负责人、食品卫生管理人员及从业人员,进行食品卫生知识、法制和职业道德教育;
(二)制订本系统、本单位防止食品污染规划,制订或修订有关食品卫生工作规章制度,改进生产经营设施的卫生条件;

(三)对食品和食品生产经营过程进行卫生管理、检验和检查,把好产品卫生质量关。对不符合卫生标准的产品有权不予签发卫生合格证;
(四)对食品卫生工作进行检查管理。对违反食品卫生法规、标准的行为进行批评、制止,对不符合卫生标准的产品有权暂时控制,并向上级和食品卫生监督机构报告,提出处理意见。
食品卫生管理检验机构和食品卫生管理人员行使上述职权时,任何单位和个人不得干涉、阻挠或打击报复。
第二十九条 食品生产经营主管部门和企业的食品卫生管理人员、检验人员应具有卫生专业知识,经食品卫生监督机构考核合格后,由主管部门任命,接受卫生监督机构的业务指导。食品卫生管理员、检验员应保持相对稳定,有变动时应征得卫生监督部门同意。
第三十条 食品生产经营企业的新建、扩建、改建工程的选址和设计应当符合卫生要求,其设计审查和工程验收必须有食品卫生监督机构参加。
第三十一条 利用新资源生产的新食品、食品添加剂,新的原材料生产的食品容器、包装材料和食品用工具、设备的新品种必须经省卫生行政部门审查批准。
生产经营企业在申报审批时,必须提供卫生和营养评价资料。卫生资料包括:理化性质、毒理学安全评价(按卫生部发布的《食品安全性毒理学评价程序》)、质量规格、生产工艺、使用范围及用量,以及检验方法和残留量(或转移量)等;营养评价资料包括:营养成份、消化吸收和
生物效价等。
第三十二条 食品生产经营人员每年必须由食品卫生监督机构组织进行健康检查。新参加工作和临时参加工作的食品生产经营人员必须进行健康检查,取得健康证后方可参加工作。
凡患有痢疾、伤寒、病毒性肝炎等消化道传染病(包括病原携带者),活动性肺结核、化脓性或者渗出性皮肤病以及其他有碍食品卫生的疾病的,不得参加接触直接入口食品的工作,主管部门负责调离安排其他适当工作。
第三十三条 食品生产经营企业的领导和从业人员、食品管理、检验人员必须经过食品卫生业务知识(或检验专业)和食品卫生法规培训,并实行考核制度,其成绩作为晋升职务、评定技术职称的条件之一。
新职工应经过《食品卫生法(试行)》和食品卫生知识的学习培训,考核合格后,方能进入工作岗位。

第八章 集贸市场和食品商贩的卫生管理
第三十四条 集贸市场的场址应避开交通要道、医院、有毒有害场所,要合理布局,划行归市。出售食品的区域要设售货台、防雨防晒棚、洗手池等卫生设施。
第三十五条 工商行政管理部门、农牧渔业部门和食品卫生监督机构应各负其责,做好食品卫生管理、检验和监督工作。并配备与工作量相适应的食品卫生管理和兽医检验人员。
第三十六条 凡从事经营饮食业、食品加工业和各类熟食品、饮料等的食品商贩在办理卫生许可证时,必须具备下列条件:
(一)具有与经营品种相适应的场所;
(二)具有专用的食具消毒、防蝇、防尘、防鼠设施和售货工具、工作服;
(三)具有符合食品卫生要求的流动车、售货亭和运输食品的车辆、盛放食品的容器;
(四)生产经营人员必须接受主管部门和卫生部门组织的食品卫生知识的培训和健康检查。
第三十七条 食品商贩在生产经营过程中,必须遵守下列卫生要求:
(一)出售的食品必须新鲜洁净,食品容器及用具应严格做到生熟分开,食具、茶具使用前必须洗净消毒;
(二)凡出售熟食品、切开的瓜果及直接入口的食品必须使用防蝇防尘等设施,坚持做到工具售货,货款分开,净纸包装;
(三)生产经营人员必须保持个人卫生,工作衣帽必须保持整洁干净,生产经营场所应保持环境卫生,禁止乱倒垃圾。
第三十八条 在传染病流行期间,经市、县(区)人民政府批准,可限期关闭疫区集贸市场。

第九章 食品卫生监督
第三十九条 各级卫生行政部门要加强对食品卫生工作的领导,建立、健全食品卫生监督机构,充实食品卫生监督力量,加强对食品卫生监督人员的教育管理,提高监督人员的执法素质。
第四十条 市、县(区)卫生防疫站或食品卫生监督检验所为食品卫生监督机构,负责本辖区内的食品卫生监督工作。

第四十一条 食品卫生监督机构设食品卫生监督员、助理食品卫生监督员。监督员、助理监督员由所在的食品卫生监督机构推荐,经上一级食品卫生监督机构同意后,监督员报同级人民政府批准任命,助理监督员报同级卫生行政部门批准任命。

在乡镇卫生院可设专职或兼职的食品卫生检查员,负责辖区范围内的食品卫生检查、指导工作。食品卫生检查员由所在乡、镇卫生院推荐,经县食品卫生监督机构同意后,由乡、镇人民政府任命。
食品卫生监督员、助理食品卫生监督员和食品卫生检查员应当作风正派、办事公道、遵纪守法、廉洁奉公,不得以权谋私、假公济私、索贿受贿、弄虚作假。
第四十二条 食品卫生监督机构的职责是:
(一)进行食品卫生监测、检验和技术指导;
(二)协助培训食品生产经营人员,监督并组织食品生产经营人员进行健康检查;
(三)对食品生产经营企业和食品商贩发放卫生许可证;
(四)宣传食品卫生、营养知识,进行食品卫生评价,公布食品卫生情况;
(五)对食品生产经营企业的新建、扩建、改建工程的选址和设计进行卫生审查,并参加工程验收;
(六)对食物中毒和食品污染事故进行调查,并采取控制措施;
(七)进行现场检查和巡回监督,及时处理发现的问题;
(八)对违反本实施细则的行为追查责任,依法进行行政处罚;
(九)对下级食品卫生检查机构或食品卫生检查员进行业务指导;
(十)负责其他食品卫生监督事项。
第四十三条 食品卫生监督人员执行食品卫生监督机构交付的任务。食品卫生监督员、助理监督员、检查员在执行任务时,必须出示证件,有权向食品生产经营者了解情况,索取必要的资料,进入生产经营场所检查,按照规定无偿采样。必要时可以拍照、录音、录像。生产经营者不得
拒绝或隐瞒。
食品卫生监督人员对生产经营者提供的技术资料有保密的义务。
第四十四条 食品卫生监督机构在监督工作中,采取分级和地域管辖(以行政区划为准)。基层食品卫生监督机构在工作中发生争议时,由市食品卫生监督机构处理。
第四十五条 食品卫生监督机构对所送的检验样品,应收取检验费;对抽取的样品经检验符合卫生标准的,免收检验费,不符合卫生标准的,应收取检验费。收费标准按省统一规定执行。
第四十六条 市卫生行政部门可设立食品卫生咨询委员会,负责食品卫生监督管理工作中的重大事项的审议并提出咨询意见。
第四十七条 发生食物中毒的单位应保护现场;接收病人的医疗单位除采取抢救措施外,应同时留取病人的呕吐物、排泄物等样品,并于四小时内向所在地食品卫生监督机构报告。

第十章 法律责任
第四十八条 对违反本实施细则情节较重者,食品卫生监督机构可以给予以下行政处罚:
(一)警告并限期改进:适用于违反本实施细则如下规定的:
⒈违反本实施细则第四、五、十、十一、十二、十三条或第六条(一)、(五)、(七)项规定之一者;
⒉生产经营的食品经监督检验不合格者。
(二)责令追回已售出的禁止生产经营的产品:
⒈违反本实施细则第七、八、九、十四、十五、三十一条任何一条者;
⒉出售已引起或可疑引起食物中毒等食源性疾患的产品,以及有可能危及消费者健康的食品。
(三)没收或销毁禁止生产经营的食品、食品添加剂:如本条第(二)项所指食品或产品,既无安全处理措施,也无再利用价值的。
(四)罚款:适用于屡教不改和故意违反本实施细则情节较重的及造成食物中毒、食源性疾患、重大食品污染事故等:
⒈违反本实施细则第六、三十七条一项或多项的,罚款二十至二百元。凡经“警告并限期改进”处罚仍无改进的,罚款二百至四百元;
⒉违反本实施细则第五、七、八条一项或多项的,罚款二十元至二千元。其中情节严重或危害较大的应给予上述罚款数的二至五倍处罚;
⒊违反本实施细则第九、十、十一、十二、十三、三十一条者,除必须立即停止生产、销售和使用该产品外,对生产者罚款五百至五千元;对销售使用者罚款二十元至一千元。其中情节严重的,应给予上述罚款二至三倍处罚;
⒋违反本实施细则第十四、十八、十九、二十、二十二、二十三、二十四、三十条的,罚款五十至一千元;
⒌凡进口食品、食品添加剂、食品容器、包装材料和食品用工具及设备,不向国境口岸食品卫生监督机构报验,或不执行该机构的决定,擅自在本市出售,经检查不符合我国卫生标准的,按食品(产品)总值的百分之零点五至百分之一进行罚款,最高罚款不超过三万元;
⒍不符合我国食品卫生标准和法规的出口转内销食品(包括已出口转回的),如未经检查批准而擅自在本市销售者,除立即报验外,应罚款二百至二千元;
⒎食品生产经营单位和食品商贩如拒绝接受食品卫生监督,或隐瞒实际情况,阻挠取证的,给予二十至五百元的罚款;
⒏对涂改、伪造食品卫生检验证书(包括检验单)牟取暴利,按其非法所得金额的一至五倍罚款,罚款金额最高不得超过三万元;
⒐由于不重视食品卫生或玩忽职守等,造成较大的食品污染事故者,给予罚款一千至三千元;
⒑由于食品不卫生,造成食物中毒或食源性疾患,应按中毒事故的大小,情节的轻重及危害程度(包括中毒人数)等给予不同的罚款:
中毒人数在十人以下者罚款五十至五百元;
中毒人数在十一人至三十人者罚款三百至三千元;
中毒人数在三十一人至一百五十人者罚款五百至五千元;
中毒人数在一百五十一人至三百人者罚款一千至一万元;
中毒人数在三百零一人以上的应从重处罚,最高罚款额不得超过三万元。
造成食物中毒、食源性疾患的,有意隐瞒不报,情节恶劣的,或致伤、致残、致死的,应从重处罚,直至追究刑事责任。

上述罚款不包括损害赔偿。
⒒接受食物中毒病人的医疗单位不及时报告者,罚款五十至一千元。
(五)责令停业改进:适用于造成食品严重污染、食物中毒或其他食源性疾患的;因设备陈旧、工艺落后,食品卫生质量长期达不到卫生要求的;食品卫生监督机构抽验,同种食品连续三次检验不合格者。责令停业改进,一次不超过十天。
(六)吊销卫生许可证:适用于经责令停业改进和罚款后仍不改进者;违反食品卫生法规,情节恶劣并坚持不改者;经鉴定不具备继续生产经营食品条件者。
上述各项行政处罚可以单独或合并执行。
第四十九条 行政处罚的批准权限按省实施办法第六十条规定执行。
第五十条 罚款百分之五十交地方财政,百分之五十由食品卫生监督机构用于食品卫生宣传、监督检验仪器的购置等监测业务开支。罚款应出正式收据,并留有存根。
没收的物品由食品卫生监督机构监督处理。
第五十一条 食品卫生监督机构在调查处理食物中毒、食源性疾患和食品污染事故较大案件时的经济开支应由肇事的单位或个人负责。
第五十二条 当事人对食品卫生监督机构给予的行政处罚不服,可在接到处罚通知之日起十五天内向人民法院起诉。但对食品控制的决定应当立即执行,对罚款的决定不履行又逾期不起诉的,由食品卫生监督机构申请人民法院依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法(试行)》规定的程序强
制执行。
第五十三条 违反《食品卫生法(试行)》和省实施办法及本实施细则造成严重食物中毒事故或者其他严重食源性疾患,致人死亡或者致人残疾因而丧失劳动能力的,根据不同情节,对直接责任人员分别依照中华人民共和国刑法第一百八十七条、第一百一十四条或第一百六十四条的规
定,追究刑事责任。情节轻微,依照中华人民共和国刑法规定可以免予刑事处分的,由主管部门酌情给予行政处分。
第五十四条 对违反《食品卫生法(试行)》和省实施办法及本实施细则造成食物中毒事故或者其他食源性疾患的,应当负损害赔偿责任,受害人有权要求损害赔偿。
损害赔偿包括医药费、误工工资、生活补助费、丧葬费、遗属抚恤费。
第五十五条 损害赔偿要求,由市、县(区)卫生行政部门处理,当事人不服的,可以向人民法院起诉,也可以由受害人或者其代理人直接向人民法院起诉。
损害赔偿要求,应当从受害人或其代理人知道或者应当知道被损害情况之日起一年内提出,超过期限的,不予受理。
第五十六条 食品卫生监督人员、检验人员和食品卫生管理人员玩忽职守或利用职务之便贪污、受贿、索贿、弄虚作假,情节严重或者造成严重后果的,除没收其非法所得外,构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任;情节轻微,不构成犯罪的,给予经济制裁或行政处分。
凡阻挠食品卫生监督、检验人员和食品卫生管理人员履行职责,或者对监督、检验、管理人员和检举揭发人进行辱骂、围攻、捆绑、禁闭、殴打和诬告陷害的,根据其情节,对直接责任人员给予行政处分,直至追究刑事责任。
第五十七条 对执行《食品卫生法(试行)》和省实施办法及本实施细则,有显著成绩和重大贡献的单位和个人,应给予奖励,或报请人民政府给予表彰。所需奖励经费由地方财政开支。

第十一章 附 则
第五十八条 本实施细则与国家的法律有抵触时,按国家法律执行。
第五十九条 本实施细则自公布之日起试行。过去本市有关食品卫生的规定,与本实施细则有抵触时,按本实施细则执行。
第六十条 本实施细则的修改权属河南省人民代表大会常务委员会。执行中的具体问题,由洛阳市人民代表大会常务委员会解释。



1986年9月9日

MERCHANT SHIPPING (LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION FOR OIL POLLUTION) ORDINANCE ——附加英文版

Hong Kong


MERCHANT SHIPPING (LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION FOR OIL POLLUTION) ORDINANCE
 (CHAPTER 414)
 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
  
  ion
  
  I    PRELIMINARY
  hort title
  nterpretation
  ertificate as to parties to Conventions
  alculation of tonnage
  
  II    LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION AND COMPULSORY INSURANCE
  nterpretation of Part II
  iability for oil pollution
  xceptions from liability under section 6
  estriction of liability for oil pollution
  imitation of liability under section 6
  Limitation actions
  Restriction on enforcement of claims after establishment of
limitation
  fund
  Concurrent liabilities of owners and others
  Establishment of limitation fund outside Hong Kong
  Extinguishment of claims under Part II
  Compulsory insurance against liability for oil pollution
  Issue of certificate by Director
  Rights of third parties against insurers
  Jurisdiction of Hong Kong courts and registration of foreign
judgments
  Warships, etc.
  Liability for cost of preventive measures where section 6 does
not
  apply
  Saving for recourse actions
  
  III   THE INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND
  Interpretation of Part III
  Contributions to the Fund
  Power to obtain information
  Liability of the Fund for pollution damage
  Indemnification of ship owner where ship registered in Fund
Convention
  country
  Effect of judgments
  Extinguishment of claims under Part III
  Subrogation and rights of recourse
  
  IV    MISCELLANEOUS
  Offences by bodies corporate
  Fees
  Amendments, Savings and Repeals
  
  dule 1. Overall limit on liability of Fund
  dule 2. (Omitted)
  
  rdinance to provide for compensation for pollution caused 
by the
  harge or escape of oil from oil-carrying ships and for the 
liability
  hipowners; for compulsory insurance in respect of such liability; 
for
  ributions by oil importers and others to the International 
Fund for
  ensation for Oil Pollution Damage; for the liability of the 
Fund in
  ain circumstances for such pollution; for the 
indemnification of
  owners by the Fund; and for incidental or related matters.
  January 1991] L. N. 13 of 1991
 PART I Preliminary
  
  hort title
  Ordinance may be cited as the Merchant Shipping 
(Liability and
  ensation for Oil Pollution) Ordinance.
  nterpretation
  In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires--
  t" includes expenses;
  ntry" includes any territory;
  rt" means the High Court or a judge thereof;
  age" includes loss;
  ector" means the Director of Marine;
  d Convention" means the International Convention on the 
establishment
  n International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage 
opened
  signature in Brussels on 18 December 1971;
  g Kong ship" means a ship registered in Hong Kong;
  bility Convention" means the International Convention 
on  Civil
  ility for Oil Pollution Damage opened for signature in Brussels
on 29
  mber 1969;
  er", in relation to a ship, means the person or persons registered 
as
  owner of the ship or, in the absence of registration, the 
person or
  ons owning the ship, except that in relation to a ship owned 
by a
  e which is operated by a person registered as the ship's operator, 
it
  s the person registered as its operator; (Amended 74 of 1990 s.
104
  
  lution damage" means damage caused outside a ship carrying 
oil by
  amination resulting from the discharge or escape of oil from the
ship,
  ever the discharge or escape may occur, and includes the 
cost of
  entive measures and damage caused by preventive measures;
  ventive measures" means any reasonable measures taken by any 
person
  r a discharge or escape of oil from a ship to prevent or 
reduce
  ution damage;
  p" means any sea-going vessel or seaborne craft of 
any  type
  soever, carrying oil in bulk as cargo;
  cial drawing rights" means units of account used by the 
International
  tary Fund and known as special drawing rights;
  minal installation" means any site for the storage of oil in 
bulk
  h is capable of receiving oil from waterborne 
transportation,
  uding any facility situated offshore and linked to any such site.
  For the purposes of this Ordinance, where more than one 
discharge or
  pe results from the same occurrence or from a series of 
occurrences
  ng the same origin, they shall be treated as one; but any 
measures
  n after the first of them shall be deemed to have been taken after
the
  harge or escape.
  References in this Ordinance to the area of any country include 
the
  itorial sea of that country.
  
  ertificate as to parties to Conventions
  rtificate signed by the Governor and certifying that a State
specified
  he certificate--
  is a party to the Liability Convention in respect of a 
country
  ified in the certificate; or
  is a party to the Fund Convention in respect of a country specified
in
  certificate,
  l be conclusive evidence of the matters contained therein and
shall in
  legal proceedings under this Ordinance to which it 
relates be
  ssible on its production and without further proof.
  alculation of tonnage
  the purposes of this Ordinance, the tonnage of a ship 
shall be
  rtained as follows--
  where the register tonnage of the ship has been or can be 
ascertained
  ccordance with the Merchant Shipping (Tonnage) Regulations 
(App. I,
  , the ship's tonnage shall be the register tonnage of the ship 
as so
  rtained but without making any deduction required by those
regulations
  ny tonnage allowance for propelling machinery space;
  where the ship is of a class or description with respect to which 
no
  ision is for the time being made by the Merchant Shipping 
(Tonnage)
  lations, the tonnage of the ship shall be taken to be 40% 
of the
  ht (expressed in tons of 2 240 lbs) of oil which the ship is 
capable
  arrying;
  where the tonnage of the ship can not be ascertained in 
accordance
  either paragraph (a) or (b), the Director shall, if so directed 
by
  court in any proceedings, certify what, on the evidence 
specified in
  direction, would in his opinion be the tonnage of the 
ship as
  rtained in accordance with paragraph (a) or (b), as the case may 
be,
  he ship could be duly measured for the purpose; and the tonnage
stated
  is certificate shall be taken to be the tonnage of the ship.
 PART II LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION AND COMPULSORY INSURANCE
  
  nterpretation of Part II
  In this Part--
  bility Convention country" means a country in respect of 
which the
  ility Convention is in force; and
  bility Convention State" means a State which is a party 
to the
  ility Convention.
  In relation to any pollution damage resulting from the 
discharge or
  pe of any oil carried in a ship references in this Part to the 
owner
  he ship are references to the owner at the time of the 
occurrence
  lting in the discharge or escape or, if there is more than one 
such
  rrence, at the time of the first of such occurrences.
  References in this Part to the Merchant Shipping Act 1979 (1979
c. 39
  .) are references to that Act as it applies in Hong Kong.
  
  iability for oil pollution
  Where, as a result of any occurrence taking place while a 
ship is
  ying a cargo of persistent oil in bulk, any persistent oil carried 
by
  ship (whether as part of the cargo or otherwise) is 
discharged or
  pes from the ship, the owner of the ship shall be liable, except 
as
  rwise provided by this Ordinance, for any pollution damage 
caused in
  Kong.
  Where--
  a liability arises under subsection (1); and
  the discharge or escape by reason of which the liability arose 
also
  lts in pollution damage in the area of a Liability Convention 
country
  r than Hong Kong, the owner of the ship concerned shall also be
liable
  r subsection (1) for that damage as if the damage had occurred
in Hong
  .
  Where persistent oil is discharged or escapes from 2 or more 
ships
  -
  a liability is incurred under this section by the owner of 
each of
  ; but
  the pollution damage for which each of the owners would, apart 
from
  subsection, be liable cannot reasonably be separated from that 
for
  h the other or others would be liable,
  of the owners shall be liable, jointly with the other or others, 
for
  whole of that damage for which the owners together would be 
liable
  r this section.
  Section 21 of the Law Amendment and Reform (Consolidation)
Ordinance
  . 23) shall apply in relation to any pollution damage for 
which a
  on is liable under this section, but which is not due to his fault,
as
  t were due to his fault.
  xceptions from liability under section 6
  owner of a ship from which persistent oil has been discharged or 
has
  ped shall not incur any liability under section 6 if he proves 
that
  discharge or escape--
  resulted from an act of war, hostilities, civil war, 
insurrection or
  xceptional, inevitable and irresistible natural phenomenon; or
  was due wholly to anything done or left undone by another person, 
not
  g a servant or agent of the owner, with intent to do damage; or
  was due wholly to the negligence or wrongful act of a 
government or
  r authority in exercising its function of maintaining lights or 
other
  gational aids for the maintenance of which it was responsible.
  estriction of liability for oil pollution
  e, as a result of any occurrence taking place while a ship is
carrying
  rgo of persistent oil in bulk, any persistent oil carried by the
ship
  ther as part of the cargo or otherwise) is discharged or escapes
then,
  her or not the owner incurs a liability under section 6,--
  he shall not be liable otherwise than under that section for any 
such
  ution damage as is mentioned therein; and
  no servant or agent of the owner and no person performing 
salvage
  ations with the agreement of the owner shall be liable for any 
such
  ge.
  
  imitation of liability under section 6
  e the owner of a ship incurs a liability under section 6 by reason 
of
  scharge or escape which occurred without his actual fault or 
privity,
  ay limit that liability in accordance with this Ordinance, and 
if he
  so his liability (that is to say, the aggregate of his 
liabilities
  r section 6 resulting from the discharge or escape) shall not
exceed--
  133 special drawing rights for each ton of the ship's tonnage;
or
  14,000,000 special drawing rights, whichever amount is the less.
  
  Limitation actions
  Where the owner of a ship has or is alleged to have 
incurred a
  ility under section 6 he may apply to the court in accordance 
with
  s of court for the limitation of that liability to 
an amount
  rmined in accordance with section 9.
  If on such an application the court finds that the 
applicant has
  rred such a liability and is entitled to limit it, the court 
shall
  rmine the limit of the liability and direct payment into court
of the
  nt of that limit, and shall then
  determine the amounts that would, apart from the limit, be 
due in
  ect of the liability to the several persons making claims 
in the
  eedings under this section; and
  direct the distribution of the amount paid into court (or, as the
case
  be, so much of it as does not exceed the liability) among 
those
  ons in proportion to their claims subject to the following 
provisions
  his section.
  A payment into court of the amount of a limit determined under 
this
  ion shall be made in Hong Kong dollars and--
  for the purposes of converting such an amount from special 
drawing
  ts into Hong Kong dollars the Monetary Authority may certify, in 
Hong
  dollars, the respective amounts which are to be taken as 
equivalent
  a particular day to the sums expressed in special drawing 
rights in
  ion 9;
  a certificate signed by or on behalf of the Monetary Authority 
under
  graph (a) shall be conclusive evidence of the matters 
contained
  ein and shall in legal proceedings under this Ordinance to 
which it
  tes be admissible on its production and without further proof.
  nded 82 of 1992 s. 44)
  No claim shall be made in proceedings under this section except
within
  time as the court may direct or such further time as the court 
may
  w.
  Where any sum has been paid in or towards satisfaction of any claim
in
  ect of the pollution damage to which the liability referred 
to in
  ection (1) extends--
  by the owner or the person referred to in section 17 as "the
insurer";
  
  by a person who has or is alleged to have incurred a 
liability,
  rwise than under section 6, for that damage and who is 
entitled to
  t his liability in connection with the ship by virtue of the 
Merchant
  ping Act 1979 (1979 c. 39 U. K.), the person who paid the sum 
shall,
  he extent of that sum, be in the same position with respect to 
any
  ribution made in proceedings under this section as the person to 
whom
  as paid would, apart from this subsection, have been, 
and the
  ribution shall be made accordingly.
  Where the owner who incurred the liability referred to in
subsection
  has voluntarily made any reasonable sacrifice or taken 
any other
  onable measures to prevent or reduce pollution damage to 
which the
  ility extends or might have extended he shall be in the same 
position
  respect to any distribution made in proceedings under this
section as
  e had established a claim in respect of the liability for an 
amount
  l to the cost of the sacrifice or other measures, and the
distribution
  l be made accordingly.
  The court may, if it thinks fit, postpone the distribution of 
such
  of the amount to be distributed as it deems appropriate having
regard
  ny claims that may later be established before a court outside 
Hong
  .
  
  Restriction on enforcement of claims after establishment of
limitation
  
  e the court has found that a person who has incurred a liability
under
  ion 6 is entitled to limit that liability to any amount and 
he has
  into court a sum not less than that amount--
  the court shall order the release of any ship or other 
property
  sted in connection with a claim in respect of that liability or 
any
  rity given to prevent or obtain release from such an arrest; and
  no judgment or decree for any such claim shall be enforced, except 
so
  as it is for costs,
  sum paid into court, or such part thereof as corresponds to the
claim,
  be actually available to the claimant or would have been available
to
  if the proper steps in the proceedings under section 10 
had been
  n.
  Concurrent liabilities of owners and others
  e, as a result of any discharge or escape of persistent oil 
from a
  , he owner of the ship incurs a liability under section 6 and 
any
  r person incurs a liability, otherwise than under that section, 
for
  such pollution damage as is mentioned in subsection (1) 
of that
  ion, then, if--
  the owner has been found, in proceedings under section 10, 
to be
  tled to limit his liability to any amount and has paid into 
court a
  not less than that amount; and
  the other person is entitled to limit his liability in connection
with
  ship by virtue of the Merchant Shipping Act 1979 (1979 c. 39 U. 
K.),
  roceedings shall be taken against the other person in respect of 
his
  ility, and if any such proceedings were commenced before the 
owner
  the sum into court, no further steps shall be taken 
in the
  eedings except in relation to costs.
  Establishment of limitation fund outside Hong Kong
  e the events resulting in the liability of any person under
section 6
  result in a corresponding liability under the law of a 
Liability
  ention country other than Hong Kong, sections 11 and 12 shall
apply as
  he references to sections 6 and 10 included references 
to the
  esponding provisions of that law and the references to sums paid 
into
  t included references to any sums secured under those 
provisions in
  ect of the liability.
  Extinguishment of claims under Part II
  ction to enforce a claim in respect of a liability incurred 
under
  ion 6 shall be brought in any court in Hong Kong unless the action 
is
  enced not later than 3 years after the claim arose and not later 
than
  ars after the occurrence or, if there is more than 
one such
  rrence, the first of such occurrences resulting in the 
discharge or
  pe by reason of which the liability was incurred.
  
  Compulsory insurance against liability for oil pollution
  Subject to section 19, subsection (2) applies to any ship carrying 
in
  a cargo of more than 2,000 tons of persistent oil as 
defined in
  lations made under this section.
  A ship to which this subsection applies shall not enter or leave--
  the waters of Hong Kong; or
  if the ship is a Hong Kong ship, a port in any other country 
or a
  inal installation in the territorial sea of any other country, 
unless
  e is in force a certificate complying with subsection 
(4) and
  ifying that there is in force in respect of the ship a 
contract of
  rance or other security satisfying the requirements of Article

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批转市公安局《关于非正常死亡尸体火化的暂行办法》

天津市政府


批转市公安局《关于非正常死亡尸体火化的暂行办法》
天津市政府


通知
各区、县人民政府,各委、局,各直属单位:
市人民政府同意市公安局拟订的《关于非正常死亡尸体火化的暂行办法》,现转发给你们试行。

关于非正常死亡尸体火化的暂行办法
为了及时处理非正常死亡尸体,维护社会治安秩序,特制定如下暂行办法:
一、对各类非正常死亡的尸体,都应对死者家属做好深入细致的思想政治工作,尽快火化处理。死者家属要求保留尸体的,在不影响社会治安和公众利益的前提下,自死亡之日起,保留日期最多不得超过十天。
二、因尸体检验、鉴定需要,必须延长尸体保留期限的,须由有关部门决定:因单位发生火灾、工伤事故造成死亡的,由发生事故单位的主管局和市劳动局决定,报公安机关备案;因医疗事故死亡的,由市卫生局和市医疗事故鉴定委员会决定,报公安机关备案;因自杀、他杀、伤害和
交通事故及其他原因死亡的,由市公安局决定。对各种尸体,一经检验、鉴定完毕,要立即进行火化处理。
三、对逾期没有火化的尸体,或虽未逾期,但保留尸体有碍社会治安、危害公众利益的,要动员死者家属及时火化。如家属拒绝火化,可强制火化,按上述第二条分工规定,由主管局写出强制火化报告,送市公安局审查批准。
四、决定强制火化的尸体,由市公安局下达“强制火化通知书”,殡葬部门执行火化。
五、对阻挠强制火化的,由公安机关依法处理。情节恶劣、触犯刑律的,提请司法部门,追究刑事责任。



1982年1月3日